Semiconductors.

A semiconductor is a solid material that has electrical conductivity in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator; it can vary over that wide range either permanently or dynamically.[1] Semiconductors are tremendously important in technology. Semiconductor devices, electronic components made of semiconductor materials, are essential in modern electrical devices. Examples range from computers to cellular phones to digital audio players. Silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially, but dozens of other materials are used as well.
Semiconductors are very similar to insulators.
Semiconductors' intrinsic electrical properties are often permanently modified by introducing impurities by a process known as doping. Usually, it is sufficient to approximate that each impurity atom adds one electron or one "hole" that may flow freely. Upon the addition of a sufficiently large proportion of impurity dopants, semiconductors will conduct electricity nearly as well as metals. Depending on the kind of impurity, a doped region of semiconductor can have more electrons or holes, and is named N-type or P-type semiconductor material, respectively. Junctions between regions of N- and P-type semiconductors create electric fields, which cause electrons and holes to be available to move away from them, and this effect is critical to semiconductor device operation. Also, a density difference in the amount of impurities produces a small electric field in the region which is used to accelerate non-equilibrium electrons or holes.

Choose the correct answer, and then TRANSLATE.

1. A semiconductor is a solid material that has:
a) P-type semiconductor, b) electric fields, c) electrical conductivity

2. Semiconductors are tremendously important in:
a) mathematics b) technology, c) biology d) medicine

3. What is used primaraly to create semiconductors commercially.
a) metal b) rubber c) plastic d) silicon

4. Semiconductors are very similar to:
a) insulators b) electronic components c) digital audio players

5. Semiconductors' intrinsic electrical properties are often permanently modified by introducing impurities by a process known as:

a) dragging b) electronicaly c) doping d) devicing

6. Usually, it is sufficient to approximate that each impurity atom adds _____________________ that may flow freely.

a) one electron and one “mole” b) one electron or one "hole"
c) one electron and one “soul”

7. Upon the addition of a sufficiently large proportion of impurity dopants, semiconductors will conduct electricity nearly as well as:

a) metals b) glass c) rubbers d) dopants

8. Depending on the kind of impurity, a doped region of semiconductor can have more electrons or holes, and is named _________________________ material, respectively.

a) M-type or Q-type semiconductor b) N-type or P-type semiconductor
c) S-type or P-type semiconductor

9. Junctions between regions of N- and P-type semiconductors create:

a) metals b) electrons c) electric field d) semicunductors

10. Impurities produces a small electric field in the region which is used to accelerate non-equilibrium:
a) electrons or holes b) electronic components c) digital audio players