History of electronic engineering

The modern discipline of electronic engineering was to a large extent born out of radio and television development and from the large amount of Second World War development of defense systems and weapons. In the interwar years, the subject was known as radio engineering and it was only in the late 1950s that the term electronic engineering started to emerge. In the UK, (United Kingdom) the subject of electronic engineering became distinct from electrical engineering as a university degree subject around 1960. Students of electronics and related subjects like radio and telecommunications before this time had to enroll in the electrical engineering department of the university as no university had departments of electronics. Electrical engineering was the nearest subject with which electronic engineering could be aligned, although the similarities in subjects covered (except mathematics and electromagnetism) lasted only for the first year of the three-year course.

Answer the questions, based on the dialog above, and translate.

1. Out of what was the modern discipline of electronic engineering born?
______________________________________
2. In the interwar years how was engineering known as? ______________________________________
3. When did the term electronic engineering start to emerge? ______________________________________
4. In what country did electronic engineering become a degree
subject in the University and in what year? _________________
5. What countries belong to the United Kingdom (U.K.)? ______________________________________
6. Students of electronics and related subjects like radio and
telecommunications before 1960 had to enroll in what career? ______________________________________

Change the paragraph to the Past Perfect Tense, and TRANSLATE.

e.g. = In 1893 Nikola Tesla had made the first public...

Early electronics

In 1893, Nikola Tesla made the first public demonstration of radio communication. Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated in detail the principles of radio communication. In 1896, Guglielmo Marconi went on to develop a practical and widely used radio system. In 1904, John Ambrose Fleming , the first professor of electrical Engineering at University College London, invented the first radio tube, the diode. One year later, in 1906, Robert von Lieben and Lee De Forest independently developed the amplifier tube, called the triode.

Translate the paragraph below to Spanish.

Electronics is often considered to have begun when Lee De Forest invented the vacuum tube in 1907 . Within 10 years, his device was used in radio transmitters and receivers as well as systems for long distance telephone calls. Vacuum tubes remained the preferred amplifying device for 40 years, until researchers working for William Shockley at Bell Labs invented the transistor in 1947 .

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In the following years, transistors made small portable radios, or transistor radios, possible as well as allowing more powerful mainframe computers to be built. Transistors were smaller and required lower voltages than vacuum tubes to work.
In the interwar years the subject of electronics was dominated by the worldwide interest in radio and to some extent telephone and telegraph communications. The terms 'wireless' and 'radio' were then used to refer anything electronic. There were indeed few non-military applications of electronics beyond radio at that time until the advent of television. The subject was not even offered as a separate university degree subject until about 1960.
Prior to the second world war, the subject was commonly known as 'radio engineering' and basically was restricted to aspects of communications and RADAR, commercial radio and early television. At this time, study of radio engineering at universities could only be undertaken as part of a physics degree. Later, in post war years, as consumer devices began to be developed, the field broadened to include modern TV, audio systems, Hi-Fi and latterly computers and microprocessors. In the mid to late 1950s, the term radio engineering gradually gave way to the name electronic engineering, which then became a stand alone university degree subject, usually taught alongside electrical engineering with which it had become associated due to some similarities.
Before the invention of the integrated circuit in 1959 , electronic circuits were constructed from discrete components that could be manipulated by hand. These non-integrated circuits consumed much space and power, were prone to failure and were limited in speed although they are still common in simple applications. By contrast, integrated circuits packed a large number — often millions — of tiny electrical components, mainly transistors, into a small chip around the size of a coin.

Answer the questions, based on the dialog above, and translate.

Some answers can be found on the internet.

1. What did, transistors make possible in the following years?
__________________________________________

2. What did transistors also allow to be built?
__________________________________________

3. What did transistors require?
__________________________________________

4. What two words were used were then used to refer anything electronic?
__________________________________________

5. Prior to the second world war, how was electronics commonly known as?__________________________________________

6. Basically what was it restricted to?__________________________

7. How could the study of radio engineering at universities be undertaken?__________________________________________

8. What consumer devices began to be developed in post war years?__________________________________________

9. When did the term radio engineering gradually give way to the

name electronic engineering?
__________________________________________

10. What happened to electronic engineering at Universities?__________________________________________

11. Then electronic engineering at Universities were usually

taught alongside what other degree?

__________________________________________

12. In what year was the integrated circuit invented?__________________________________________

13. In electronics, how is an integrated circuit also known as?__________________________________________

14. Give the name some integrated circuits.

__________________________________________

15. What does an integrated circuit mainly consist of?__________________________________________

16. The transistors packed in integrated circuits could be the size of what?__________________________________________